Air Transportation

An economic downturn. Record-high fuel prices. New entrants to the field soaring to success; new tools and policies advancing safety and security. 2007–2011 was an eventful half-decade for Canada's aviation sector.

6.1 Overview of Air Transportation

Air transport is an important component of Canada's overall transportation mix, with local, regional, national and international airlines flying passengers and cargo to destinations across the country and around the world. Canada's air sector depends on its 1,889 aerodromes 1 , including 26 airports that are part of the National Airports System 2 ( NAS ); 570 certified airports, heliports and waterdromes that support scheduled and non-scheduled flights; and 1,297 registered aerodromes and 22 other aerodromes (see Addendum Table A1). Of Canada's aerodromes, more than 55% are land aerodromes, 26% are heliports and 19% are water aerodromes. NAS airports 3 are owned by Transport Canada and operated by non-for-profit, non-share capitalairport authorities. Canada's 26 NAS airports handle roughly 90% of all scheduled passengers and cargo volumes in Canada, are particularly important to Canada's trade (see Addendum Tables A22, A23, A24, and A25) and tourism industries, and contribute to national prosperity and international competitiveness. Canada also has smaller registered and certified airports and certified heliports, some of which serve communities without highway access—places where aviation is the only year-round transportation option. At the end of 2011, 1,497 air operators held 2,224 Transport Canada-issued air operator certificates 4 : 768 were domestic, 358 were scheduled international and 1,098 were non-scheduled international licence authorities (see Addendum Table A6). Canada is home to large international air carriers, such as Air Canada, WestJet, Jazz, Air Transat and Sunwing as well as a number of smaller regional carriers and freighter operators. Transport Canada sets and enforces all airport safety and security standards, certifies and regulates all airports, and ensures that Canada's more than 34,000 civil aircraft (see Addendum Table A9) conform to national and international standards. The Canadian Transportation Agency—an independent, quasi-judicial, federal administrative tribunal with a mandate set out in the Canada Transportation Act—administers the air transport licensing regime. That regime requires domestic air services operators—in addition to having an operating certificate issued by Transport Canada—to be majority-owned and controlled by Canadians and have proper liability insurance. The Canadian Transportation Agency also verifies the financial fitness of applicants starting operations and oversees licensing of international scheduled and non-scheduled services to and from Canada, administering the permit system for international charter operations. This protects advance payments received by airlines for international passenger charter flights originating in Canada. Scheduled international commercial air transport services between two countries are governed by bilateral air transport agreements. Since the inception of the Blue Sky Policy in 2006, Canada has proactively pursued more liberalized agreements. By the end of 2011 Canada had bilateral air transport relations with 98 partners, including open agreements covering 40 countries (see Addendum Table A12). A large proportion of aircraft in Canada is used for general aviation ( GA ), often the only service provided in many Canadian airports, particularly in Northern Canada as well as the first rung in the career ascension of aspiring pilots and aircraft mechanics. NAV CANADA, a privately run, not-for-profit corporation that owns and operates Canada's civil air navigation system, oversees the safe and orderly flow of air traffic in Canadian airspace, in compliance with provisions in the Aeronautics Act. Finally, the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority ( CATSA ) is responsible for security screening at designated Canadian airports and operates under provisions in the Aeronautics Act. CATSA is a Canadian Crown corporation created in 2002 under the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority Act and reports to the Government of Canada through the Minister of Transport.

6.2 2011 Year in Review

Economic Framework and infrastructure